Abstract

Numerical simulation, or mathematical modelling, employs computer models to analyse engineering systems and predict physical events. It integrates knowledge from various scientific and engineering fields, enabling better predictions and optimization across applications, from microelectronics to urban infrastructure. Simulation-Based Engineering Science (SBES) combines traditional engineering disciplines with computer science and other fields, supporting advancements in areas like biomedicine, nanotechnology, and energy.

The adoption of SBES has significantly increased in the last two decades, driven by advancements in computing technology and the rise of Industry 4.0, which promotes nine key enabling technologies, including engineering simulation and big data analytics. SBES is crucial for the integration and automation of production systems, improving flexibility, speed, and quality.

The validation and verification (V&V) processes are essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of simulations. Validation assesses how well a mathematical model represents physical events, while verification checks if the computational model correctly implements the mathematical model. Challenges in these processes include dealing with data uncertainty and the inherent complexities of modelling.

The democratization of simulation technology has made it more accessible, allowing for cost-effective and reliable product design through virtual prototyping. However, as more engineers use these tools, a solid understanding of the underlying theories is critical to avoid inaccuracies. Thus, while simulation offers great potential, it requires informed and skilled application to realize its benefits fully.

Key application cases are presented to highlight different areas in which the use of numerical methods really makes a difference, proving how these technologies not only improve efficiency and sustainability but also introduce ethical considerations regarding their power and potential impact on human labour and decision-making.

In conclusion, the text underscores the transformative role of simulation in engineering, advocating for a balanced approach that anticipates the implications of technological advancements.